Επιβεβαίωση Ηλικίας

Πρέπει να είστε τουλάχιστον 18 ετών για να αποκτήσετε πρόσβαση σε αυτό το περιεχόμενο.

Αυτός ο ιστότοπος περιέχει πληροφορίες σχετικά με ερευνητικά πεπτίδια και φαρμακολογικές ουσίες αποκλειστικά για εκπαιδευτικούς σκοπούς.

Η αναφορά ουσιών δεν συνιστά προτροπή ή σύσταση για ανθρώπινη κατανάλωση ή αυτοχορήγηση.

Επιβεβαιώνετε ότι είστε άνω των 18 ετών;

The 20 Amino Acids

The 20 proteinogenic amino acids are the building blocks of all peptides and proteins. They are encoded by the genetic code and classified according to the chemical properties of their side chain (R group).

Code	Abbrev.	Name	Property	MW (Da)
G	Gly	Glycine	Nonpolar	75.03
A	Ala	Alanine	Nonpolar	89.09
V	Val	Valine	Nonpolar	117.15
L	Leu	Leucine	Nonpolar	131.17
I	Ile	Isoleucine	Nonpolar	131.17
P	Pro	Proline	Nonpolar	115.13
F	Phe	Phenylalanine	Nonpolar	165.19
W	Trp	Tryptophan	Nonpolar	204.23
M	Met	Methionine	Nonpolar	149.21
S	Ser	Serine	Polar Uncharged	105.09
T	Thr	Threonine	Polar Uncharged	119.12
C	Cys	Cysteine	Polar Uncharged	121.16
Y	Tyr	Tyrosine	Polar Uncharged	181.19
N	Asn	Asparagine	Polar Uncharged	132.12
Q	Gln	Glutamine	Polar Uncharged	146.15
D	Asp	Aspartic acid	Negatively Charged	133.10
E	Glu	Glutamic acid	Negatively Charged	147.13
K	Lys	Lysine	Positively Charged	146.19
R	Arg	Arginine	Positively Charged	174.20
H	His	Histidine	Positively Charged	155.16

Peptide Bond

The peptide bond forms through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of one amino acid and the amino group (-NH₂) of the next, releasing a water molecule. It is a covalent bond with partial double-bond character due to resonance, making it planar and rigid.

Classification

Amino acids are classified by their side chain properties: nonpolar (hydrophobic), polar uncharged, positively charged (basic), and negatively charged (acidic). This classification determines their position in protein tertiary structure — nonpolar residues tend to cluster in the interior, while charged residues face the aqueous environment.